Project KPI Knowledge Base
All key project metrics — clearly explained, with calculation examples
Project Health at a Glance
Overall Status
The Overall Status is your project traffic light: a single field that tells you at a glance whether everything is on track or whether you need to take action. It combines two questions: Is the project within budget? and Is it on schedule? — and shows the result as Green, Yellow, or Red.
The status is derived from two performance indices, which are explained in detail below under A.4:
AND SPI ≥ 0.9
AND SPI ≥ 0.8
(but not both ≥ 0.9)
OR SPI < 0.8
SPI (Schedule Performance Index) measures pace: A value of 1.22 means the project is delivering 22% faster than planned.
Budget Usage (h)
Budget Usage shows you, as a percentage, how much of the planned total hour budget you have already consumed. Imagine you planned a 1,000 km road trip and have covered 464 km — that would be a Budget Usage of 46.4%. The key follow-up question is: have you also completed 46.4% of the journey for that 46.4%? That is what A.4 Progress answers.
AC (Actual Cost in hours) = actual project hours worked to date — only real project work, excluding vacation and sick leaveBAC (Budget at Completion) = sum of all task budgets = total planned hours÷ = divided by, × 100 = expressed as a percentage
In this example: 46.4% of budget consumed, but only 44.0% progress → slightly inefficient, confirmed by CPI = 0.95.
Actual Cost (€)
Actual Cost shows the personnel costs incurred so far in euros. For each staff member, their number of project hours is multiplied by their individual cost rate — this gives their cost. The sum across all staff members gives the Actual Cost. This is where the Rate per Staff Member billing method comes into play: since every staff member is paid differently, it matters who worked how many hours.
Σ = sum across all staff members and time entriesProject Hours = only entries of type "Project" (no vacation/sick hours)Cost Rate = internal cost of the staff member per hour (e.g. salary ÷ monthly working hours)
| Employee | Project Hours | Cost Rate/h | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anna | 32h | 25 €/h | 800 € |
| Ben | 28h | 38 €/h | 1.064 € |
| Clara | 18h | 56 €/h | 1.008 € |
| Total | 78h | — | ≈ 2.868 € |
Progress (EV)
Progress measures the real work progress — not how much time has passed, but how much of the planned work has actually been completed. The Earned Value (EV) is the share of the budget you have "earned" through completed work. Think of it as each completed task granting you its planned hours as a "credit" — that value is the EV.
The advantage over a simple "how much time has passed": if you have consumed 50% of the time but only 30% of the tasks are done, Progress shows an honest 30%.
Each task contributes differently depending on its status:
| Task Status | Credited EV Hours |
|---|---|
| ✅ Completed (Done) | 100% of task budget |
| 🔄 In Progress | Actual h ÷ Budget h × Budget (max. 100%) |
| ⏸ Not Started | 0 hours |
| Task | Budget | Actual Hours | Status | EV Credit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Design | 20h | 22h | ✅ Done | 20h (100%) |
| Backend | 30h | 18h | 🔄 In Progress | 18h (60%) |
| Testing | 25h | 0h | ⏸ Not Started | 0h |
| … 8 further tasks … | 36h | |||
| Total | 168h | 78h | 74h | |
The two performance indices that determine the Overall Status (A.1) are calculated from the EV:
Forecast (EAC) Hours
EAC stands for Estimate at Completion — an intelligent projection: how many hours will the project consume in total by the time it is finished? What makes it special: the forecast is not naive. It accounts for how efficiently the project has been running so far (CPI). If the team has been slightly slower than planned, the forecast is adjusted upward accordingly.
AC = hours already worked (78h) — what has already happened cannot changeBAC − EV = budget hours not yet "earned" = the remaining work (168h − 74h = 94h)÷ CPI = projection: when CPI < 1 the team needs more hours than planned → forecast rises÷ CPI = when CPI > 1 the team needs fewer hours than planned → forecast drops
Forecast (EAC) Cost (€)
EAC Cost is the projected total personnel cost until project completion in euros. Unlike the hours forecast (A.5), it matters here who completes the remaining work — because staff members have different cost rates. The Rate per Staff Member method ensures an accurate forecast rather than a simplified average calculation.
For each task not yet completed, the Remaining Cost is determined as follows:
Remaining Cost = (Remaining Hours ÷ CPI) × Staff Member Cost RateRemaining Hours = max(Task Budget − Actual Hours, 0) — at least 0, never negative÷ CPI = adjustment for actual efficiency (at CPI 0.95 you need 5% more hours)× Cost Rate = the individual cost rate of the staff member assigned to this task
Billed (€)
Billed shows the total amount already invoiced to the client. Not every service delivered is invoiced immediately — many projects bill monthly or at milestones. This KPI helps you see whether invoices are being sent promptly and how large the "gap" between services delivered and invoicing is.
Revenue per time entry = hours × billing rate of the staff member (what you charge the client)Billed = Yes = this time entry has been included in an outgoing invoiceAdditionally, the
Billing Rate % = Billed ÷ Actual Revenue × 100 is shown
Unbilled (€)
Unbilled is the amount of services that have been delivered but for which no invoice has yet been sent to the client. This money is theoretically earned but not yet collected. A high Unbilled amount means: the company has expenses (salaries, infrastructure), but the payment from the client is still pending.
Actual Revenue = total revenue earned so far (all services delivered, valued at billing rates)Billed = the portion already invoiced (from A.7)
Profitability / Margin
Actual Margin (€)
The Actual Margin is the profit the project has generated so far: the difference between what you can charge the client (revenue) and what the staff members have cost the company (costs). Since the project is still running, this is an interim figure — the outlook for final profitability is provided by D.2 Forecast Margin.
This is where the difference between cost rate and billing rate becomes visible: a staff member with 25 €/h in costs and an 80 €/h billing rate generates 55 € contribution margin per hour.
Actual Revenue = Σ (Project Hours × Billing Rate per Staff Member) — what you charge the clientActual Cost = Σ (Project Hours × Cost Rate per Staff Member) — what the staff member costs (→ A.3)Billing Rate ≠ Cost Rate: The difference per hour is the hourly contribution margin
| Employee | Hours | Billing Rate | Revenue | Cost Rate | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anna | 32h | 80 €/h | 2.560 € | 25 €/h | 800 € |
| Ben | 28h | 85 €/h | 2.380 € | 38 €/h | 1.064 € |
| Clara | 18h | 155 €/h | 2.790 € | 56 €/h | 1.008 € |
| Total | 78h | ≈ 7.740 € | ≈ 2.868 € |
Since the project is still running, the Actual Margin is an interim figure. Compare it with the Budget Margin (D.3): the planned margin rate was 11.234 € ÷ 17.590 € ≈ 63.9%. The current margin rate is 4.872 € ÷ 7.740 € ≈ 63.0% — nearly identical. Profitability is on track.
Forecast Margin (€)
The Forecast Margin is the projected total margin of the project at completion. It is based on the same forecasts as EAC Cost (A.6): the efficiency of the work done so far (CPI) and the planned staff mix for the remaining tasks feed into the calculation. This makes it the most realistic estimate of the project outcome.
Forecast Revenue = Actual Revenue + remaining revenue (remaining hours ÷ CPI × billing rate)Forecast Cost = EAC Cost from A.6 (Actual Cost + remaining cost adjusted for CPI + staff mix)
Budget Margin (€)
The Budget Margin is the profit you planned for in the original project calculation. It shows how profitable the project should be if all tasks are completed exactly within the planned hours and the intended staff are used. It is the fixed reference baseline for D.1 and D.2.
Budget Revenue = Σ (Task budget hours × billing rate of the planned staff members)Budget Cost = Σ (Task budget hours × cost rate of the planned staff members)
The Budget Margin is a fixed value from the calculation — it does not change unless a scope change is agreed. It serves as the benchmark: Is the project more or less profitable than planned? That is what D.4 Margin Δ answers.
Margin Δ Forecast vs. Budget
Δ (Delta) is the Greek symbol for "difference" or "change". Margin Δ answers the question: By how many euros does the projected profit deviate from the planned profit? It is the most important metric for financial controlling — positive means a better result, negative means action is required.
Forecast Margin = projected total margin (D.2) = 11.641 €Budget Margin = originally calculated margin (D.3) = 11.234 €