Budget Method
Hours per Task
Each task has its own hour budget. The total budget is the sum of all task budgets.
Billing Method
Rate per Staff Member
Cost and revenue are calculated based on each staff member's individual hourly rate — not a flat project rate.
Example Values
Current Project Status
All calculation examples are based on the real project status. Individual hourly rates in the examples are illustrative.
A

Project Health at a Glance

A.1

Overall Status

Overall status — the project traffic light
What is this?

The Overall Status is your project traffic light: a single field that tells you at a glance whether everything is on track or whether you need to take action. It combines two questions: Is the project within budget? and Is it on schedule? — and shows the result as Green, Yellow, or Red.

How is it calculated?

The status is derived from two performance indices, which are explained in detail below under A.4:

● GREEN
CPI ≥ 0.9
AND SPI ≥ 0.9
Project is on track — within budget and on schedule.
● YELLOW
CPI ≥ 0.8
AND SPI ≥ 0.8
(but not both ≥ 0.9)
Minor deviations — monitor and take corrective action.
● RED
CPI < 0.8
OR SPI < 0.8
Significant deviation — act immediately!
💡
CPI (Cost Performance Index) measures hour efficiency: A value of 0.95 means that 1.05 hours are consumed for every planned hour — the project is running slightly over hours.
SPI (Schedule Performance Index) measures pace: A value of 1.22 means the project is delivering 22% faster than planned.
Example from this project
1
CPI = 0.95 — is ≥ 0.9 ✓
2
SPI = 1.22 — is ≥ 0.9 ✓
3
Both conditions for GREEN met
Status: ● GREEN
A.2

Budget Usage (h)

Budget consumption — how much of the hour budget has already been used?
What is this?

Budget Usage shows you, as a percentage, how much of the planned total hour budget you have already consumed. Imagine you planned a 1,000 km road trip and have covered 464 km — that would be a Budget Usage of 46.4%. The key follow-up question is: have you also completed 46.4% of the journey for that 46.4%? That is what A.4 Progress answers.

Calculation
Budget Usage % = AC ÷ BAC × 100
AC (Actual Cost in hours) = actual project hours worked to date — only real project work, excluding vacation and sick leave
BAC (Budget at Completion) = sum of all task budgets = total planned hours
÷ = divided by, × 100 = expressed as a percentage
📌
Why only project hours? Vacation and sick leave are not work on the project. Including them would incorrectly inflate Budget Usage even though the project has not progressed.
Step-by-Step Example
1
Determine BAC: Add all 11 task budgets → 168h total budget
2
Read actual project hours worked so far: 78h (AC)
3
78h ÷ 168h × 100 = 46.4%
Budget Usage: 46.4% (78 of 168 planned hours consumed)
How do I interpret this?
Usage ≈ Progress Ideal: Hours consumed match the work progress — everything is on track.
Usage > Progress More hours are being consumed than work delivered — efficiency issue, CPI is below 1.0.
Usage < Progress Fewer hours for more work — the project is more efficient than planned, CPI is above 1.0.

In this example: 46.4% of budget consumed, but only 44.0% progress → slightly inefficient, confirmed by CPI = 0.95.

A.3

Actual Cost (€)

Actual costs — how much money has been spent so far?
What is this?

Actual Cost shows the personnel costs incurred so far in euros. For each staff member, their number of project hours is multiplied by their individual cost rate — this gives their cost. The sum across all staff members gives the Actual Cost. This is where the Rate per Staff Member billing method comes into play: since every staff member is paid differently, it matters who worked how many hours.

Calculation
Actual Cost = Σ (Project Hours × Cost Rate per Staff Member)
Σ = sum across all staff members and time entries
Project Hours = only entries of type "Project" (no vacation/sick hours)
Cost Rate = internal cost of the staff member per hour (e.g. salary ÷ monthly working hours)
📌
The cost rate is what the staff member costs the company — not the price you charge the client. The price charged to the client is called the billing rate and becomes relevant for Margin (D.1).
Step-by-Step Example
EmployeeProject HoursCost Rate/hCost
Anna32h25 €/h800 €
Ben28h38 €/h1.064 €
Clara18h56 €/h1.008 €
Total78h≈ 2.868 €
Actual Cost: 2.868 €
How do I interpret this?
Actual Cost < Budget Cost × Progress % Cost efficiency is good — you are paying less than planned for the progress achieved.
Actual Cost > Budget Cost × Progress % Costs are growing faster than progress — investigate the cause (more hours? more expensive staff than planned?).
A.4

Progress (EV)

Earned Value — the real, measurable work progress
What is this?

Progress measures the real work progress — not how much time has passed, but how much of the planned work has actually been completed. The Earned Value (EV) is the share of the budget you have "earned" through completed work. Think of it as each completed task granting you its planned hours as a "credit" — that value is the EV.

The advantage over a simple "how much time has passed": if you have consumed 50% of the time but only 30% of the tasks are done, Progress shows an honest 30%.

Calculation

Each task contributes differently depending on its status:

Task StatusCredited EV Hours
✅ Completed (Done)100% of task budget
🔄 In ProgressActual h ÷ Budget h × Budget (max. 100%)
⏸ Not Started0 hours
Progress % = Total EV ÷ BAC × 100
💡
Even if a staff member has logged more hours than planned for an "In Progress" task, the EV contribution is capped at 100%. You cannot "over-deliver" budget hours — over-spending shows up in the CPI.
Step-by-Step Example
TaskBudgetActual HoursStatusEV Credit
Design20h22h✅ Done20h (100%)
Backend30h18h🔄 In Progress18h (60%)
Testing25h0h⏸ Not Started0h
… 8 further tasks …36h
Total168h78h74h
Progress: 74h ÷ 168h × 100 = 44.0%
How do I interpret this? — CPI and SPI

The two performance indices that determine the Overall Status (A.1) are calculated from the EV:

CPI = EV ÷ AC 74h ÷ 78h = 0.95 → 1.05 hours are consumed for every earned hour (slightly over budget)
SPI = EV ÷ PV 74h ÷ 60.7h = 1.22 → the project is delivering 22% more than was planned for this point in time (ahead of schedule)
A.5

Forecast (EAC) Hours

Projected total hours — how many hours will the project need in total?
What is this?

EAC stands for Estimate at Completion — an intelligent projection: how many hours will the project consume in total by the time it is finished? What makes it special: the forecast is not naive. It accounts for how efficiently the project has been running so far (CPI). If the team has been slightly slower than planned, the forecast is adjusted upward accordingly.

Calculation
EAC = AC + (BAC − EV) ÷ CPI
AC = hours already worked (78h) — what has already happened cannot change
BAC − EV = budget hours not yet "earned" = the remaining work (168h − 74h = 94h)
÷ CPI = projection: when CPI < 1 the team needs more hours than planned → forecast rises
÷ CPI = when CPI > 1 the team needs fewer hours than planned → forecast drops
Step-by-Step Example
1
Remaining work: 168h − 74h = 94h not yet completed
2
Adjust for efficiency: 94h ÷ 0.95 (CPI) = 98.9h — since CPI < 1 the team needs a little more
3
Hours worked so far + projected remaining: 78h + 98.9h = 176.9h ≈ 177h
EAC: 177h planned were 168h → +9h overrun (+5.4%)
How do I interpret this?
EAC = BACForecast matches the plan exactly — no overrun expected.
EAC < BACProject will consume fewer hours than planned — great!
EAC slightly > BAC (up to ~10%)Minor overrun — within the normal range of variation, keep monitoring.
EAC significantly > BAC (>10%)Significant overrun — analyse the cause and take action.
A.6

Forecast (EAC) Cost (€)

Projected total cost — how much will the project cost in total?
What is this?

EAC Cost is the projected total personnel cost until project completion in euros. Unlike the hours forecast (A.5), it matters here who completes the remaining work — because staff members have different cost rates. The Rate per Staff Member method ensures an accurate forecast rather than a simplified average calculation.

Calculation
EAC Cost = Actual Cost + Remaining Cost

For each task not yet completed, the Remaining Cost is determined as follows:

Remaining Cost = (Remaining Hours ÷ CPI) × Staff Member Cost Rate
Remaining Hours = max(Task Budget − Actual Hours, 0) — at least 0, never negative
÷ CPI = adjustment for actual efficiency (at CPI 0.95 you need 5% more hours)
× Cost Rate = the individual cost rate of the staff member assigned to this task
⚠️
Why not simply use EAC hours × average cost rate? Because the result would be inaccurate. If the remaining tasks are mainly handled by a more expensive senior staff member, the average method significantly underestimates the costs.
Step-by-Step Example
1
Actual Cost to date: 2.868 €
2
Calculate remaining hours per task (Budget − Actual), divide by CPI and multiply by the staff member cost rate → ~3.771 € remaining cost
3
2.868 € + 3.771 € = 6.639 €
EAC Cost: 6.639 € Budget was 6.357 € → +282 € cost overrun (+4.4%)
How do I interpret this?
EAC Cost < Budget CostProject will come in cheaper than planned — great!
EAC Cost slightly > Budget CostMinor cost increase — within an acceptable range, continue monitoring.
EAC Cost significantly > Budget CostSignificant cost increase — analyse the causes: more hours? different staff mix?
A.7

Billed (€)

Invoiced — how much has already been billed to the client?
What is this?

Billed shows the total amount already invoiced to the client. Not every service delivered is invoiced immediately — many projects bill monthly or at milestones. This KPI helps you see whether invoices are being sent promptly and how large the "gap" between services delivered and invoicing is.

Calculation
Billed = Σ Revenue of all time entries with "Billed = Yes"
Revenue per time entry = hours × billing rate of the staff member (what you charge the client)
Billed = Yes = this time entry has been included in an outgoing invoice
Additionally, the Billing Rate % = Billed ÷ Actual Revenue × 100 is shown
Example
1
Identify all time entries with "Billed = Yes" and sum their revenue → e.g. 3.870 € invoiced
2
Billing Rate: 3.870 € ÷ 7.740 € × 100 = 50% of services delivered have already been invoiced to the client
How do I interpret this?
Billed ≈ Actual RevenueAlmost all services delivered are invoiced — cash flow is in good shape.
Billing Rate 50–80%A significant portion is still awaiting invoicing — send invoices promptly.
Billing Rate < 50%More than half of services are not yet invoiced — cash flow risk, act immediately.
A.8

Unbilled (€)

Not invoiced — services delivered without an invoice
What is this?

Unbilled is the amount of services that have been delivered but for which no invoice has yet been sent to the client. This money is theoretically earned but not yet collected. A high Unbilled amount means: the company has expenses (salaries, infrastructure), but the payment from the client is still pending.

Calculation
Unbilled = Actual Revenue − Billed
Actual Revenue = total revenue earned so far (all services delivered, valued at billing rates)
Billed = the portion already invoiced (from A.7)
Example
1
Actual Revenue: 7.740 €
2
Billed: 3.870 €
3
Unbilled: 7.740 € − 3.870 € = 3.870 €
Unbilled: 3.870 € ready to invoice immediately
How do I interpret this?
Unbilled ≈ 0 €All services delivered are invoiced — optimal cash flow.
Unbilled highOutstanding invoices should be sent promptly. Every uninvoiced euro is a liquidity risk.
D

Profitability / Margin

D.1

Actual Margin (€)

Actual margin — the profit generated by the project so far
What is this?

The Actual Margin is the profit the project has generated so far: the difference between what you can charge the client (revenue) and what the staff members have cost the company (costs). Since the project is still running, this is an interim figure — the outlook for final profitability is provided by D.2 Forecast Margin.

This is where the difference between cost rate and billing rate becomes visible: a staff member with 25 €/h in costs and an 80 €/h billing rate generates 55 € contribution margin per hour.

Calculation
Actual Margin = Actual Revenue − Actual Cost
Actual Revenue = Σ (Project Hours × Billing Rate per Staff Member) — what you charge the client
Actual Cost = Σ (Project Hours × Cost Rate per Staff Member) — what the staff member costs (→ A.3)
Billing RateCost Rate: The difference per hour is the hourly contribution margin
Step-by-Step Example
EmployeeHoursBilling RateRevenueCost RateCost
Anna32h80 €/h2.560 €25 €/h800 €
Ben28h85 €/h2.380 €38 €/h1.064 €
Clara18h155 €/h2.790 €56 €/h1.008 €
Total78h≈ 7.740 €≈ 2.868 €
Actual Margin: 7.740 € − 2.868 € = 4.872 €
How do I interpret this?

Since the project is still running, the Actual Margin is an interim figure. Compare it with the Budget Margin (D.3): the planned margin rate was 11.234 € ÷ 17.590 € ≈ 63.9%. The current margin rate is 4.872 € ÷ 7.740 € ≈ 63.0% — nearly identical. Profitability is on track.

D.2

Forecast Margin (€)

Projected margin — the expected total profit at project completion
What is this?

The Forecast Margin is the projected total margin of the project at completion. It is based on the same forecasts as EAC Cost (A.6): the efficiency of the work done so far (CPI) and the planned staff mix for the remaining tasks feed into the calculation. This makes it the most realistic estimate of the project outcome.

Calculation
Forecast Margin = Forecast Revenue − Forecast Cost
Forecast Revenue = Actual Revenue + remaining revenue (remaining hours ÷ CPI × billing rate)
Forecast Cost = EAC Cost from A.6 (Actual Cost + remaining cost adjusted for CPI + staff mix)
Step-by-Step Example
1
Forecast Revenue: 18.281 €
2
Forecast Cost (EAC Cost from A.6): 6.639 €
3
18.281 € − 6.639 € = 11.641 €
Forecast Margin: 11.641 €
How do I interpret this?
Forecast > Budget MarginThe project will be more profitable than planned — more profit than calculated.
Forecast ≈ Budget MarginProfitability matches the plan — everything as expected.
Forecast < Budget MarginThe project will be less profitable than planned — investigate the cause and take corrective action if needed.
D.3

Budget Margin (€)

Planned margin — the originally calculated profit
What is this?

The Budget Margin is the profit you planned for in the original project calculation. It shows how profitable the project should be if all tasks are completed exactly within the planned hours and the intended staff are used. It is the fixed reference baseline for D.1 and D.2.

Calculation
Budget Margin = Budget Revenue − Budget Cost
Budget Revenue = Σ (Task budget hours × billing rate of the planned staff members)
Budget Cost = Σ (Task budget hours × cost rate of the planned staff members)
📌
Since the Rate per Staff Member method applies, the planned staff mix for each task feeds into the calculation. If Task A is planned for senior developer Clara, her hourly rate is used for that task — not a flat average.
Step-by-Step Example
1
Budget Revenue: All 11 task budgets × billing rate of the respective staff members = 17.590 €
2
Budget Cost: All 11 task budgets × cost rate of the respective staff members = 6.357 €
3
17.590 € − 6.357 € = 11.233 € ≈ 11.234 €
Budget Margin: 11.234 € the planned profit target
How do I interpret this?

The Budget Margin is a fixed value from the calculation — it does not change unless a scope change is agreed. It serves as the benchmark: Is the project more or less profitable than planned? That is what D.4 Margin Δ answers.

D.4

Margin Δ Forecast vs. Budget

Margin deviation — will the project be more or less profitable than planned?
What is this?

Δ (Delta) is the Greek symbol for "difference" or "change". Margin Δ answers the question: By how many euros does the projected profit deviate from the planned profit? It is the most important metric for financial controlling — positive means a better result, negative means action is required.

Calculation
Margin Δ = Forecast Margin − Budget Margin
Forecast Margin = projected total margin (D.2) = 11.641 €
Budget Margin = originally calculated margin (D.3) = 11.234 €
Step-by-Step Example
1
Forecast Margin: 11.641 €
2
Budget Margin: 11.234 €
3
11.641 € − 11.234 € = +407 € ≈ +408 €
Margin Δ: +408 € Project will be more profitable than planned
💡
Why is Δ positive even though the project is slightly over hours? Because the strong schedule progress (SPI = 1.22) has resulted in more work being delivered than originally planned for this point in time — generating more revenue as a result. The additional revenue more than compensates for the slightly higher costs.
How do I interpret this?
Δ positive
Forecast > Budget Margin
More profit than planned. Either worked more efficiently or delivered more than planned (high SPI).
Δ ≈ 0
Forecast ≈ Budget Margin
Margin matches the plan exactly — very stable, predictable project situation.
Δ negative
Forecast < Budget Margin
Less profit than planned. Costs are rising faster than revenue — analyse the causes and take corrective action.